Hypertension. 2018 Apr 16. pii: HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10787. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10787. [Epub ahead of print]
Chronic Supplementation With a Mitochondrial Antioxidant (MitoQ) Improves
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The link between depression and atherosclerosis through the pathways of inflammation and endothelium dysfunction.Chrysohoou C1, Kollia N2, Tousoulis D3.
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AbstractA large body of evidence suggests that depression increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The elevated risk associated with depression is not limited to clinical major depressive disorder but also extends to sub-syndromal depressive symptoms and constructs with overlapping characteristics, such as vital exhaustion. Multiple pathophysiological pathways are involved in the relationship between depressive symptoms and atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations and progression. These underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood and need further clarification. This review examines inflammation and endothelium dysfunction as potential biological factors involved in the relationship between depressive symptoms and atherosclerosis. It has been reported that systemic inflammation and psychological factors interact through complex pathophysiological and behavioral mechanisms and one question that has been raised concerns whether the inflammation drives depression or vice versa, or whether the association is merely coincidental. Although further investigation is needed, including well-designed prospective studies, to address this question thoroughly, it seems that there is a feedback relationship, although the biological pathways of each direction may be distinct. KEYWORDS:Cardiovascular disease; Depression; Mechanisms
Int J Cardiol. 2018 Jun 15;261:196-203. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.02.041.
Endothelial dysfunction, abnormal vascular structure and lower urinary tract symptoms in men and women.Matsui S1, Kajikawa M2, Maruhashi T1, Iwamoto Y1, Oda N1, Kishimoto S1, Hashimoto H1, Hidaka T1, Kihara Y1, Chayama K3, Hida E4, Goto C5, Aibara Y6, Nakashima A6, Yusoff FM6, Noma K7, Kuwahara Y8, Matsubara A9, Higashi Y10.
Author informationAbstractBACKGROUND:Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is not only common symptoms in elderly men and women but also risk of future cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships of vascular function and structure with LUTS in men and women. METHODS:We investigated flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (NID) as vascular function, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) as vascular structure, and LUTS assessed by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) in 287 men and 147 women. RESULTS:IPSS was significantly correlated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors, Framingham risk score, FMD, NID and baPWV. Moderate to severe LUTS was associated with the prevalence of coronary heart disease in men but not in women. In men, FMD and NID were significantly lower in the moderate to severe LUTS group than in the none to mild LUTS group (2.1 ± 2.0% vs. 4.0 ± 3.0% and 9.3 ± 6.1% vs. 12.8 ± 6.6%, P < 0.001, respectively). baPWV was significantly higher in the moderate to severe LUTS group than in the none to mild LUTS group (1722 ± 386 cm/s vs. 1509 ± 309 cm/s, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, FMD was independently associated with a decrease in the odds ratio of moderate to severe LUTS in men (OR: 0.83, 95% CI, 0.72-0.95; P = 0.008) but not in women. NID and baPWV were not independently associated with moderate to severe LUTS either in men or women. CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction is associated with LUTS in men. LUTS in men may be useful for a predictor of cardiovascular events. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION:URL for Clinical Trial . Gov; Registration Number for Clinical Trial: UMIN000003409. Endothelial dysfunction as a common soil of lower urinary tract symptoms and cardiovascular disease. Yamagishi SI. Int J Cardiol. 2018 Jun 15;261:209-210. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.03.033. J Nutr. 2018 Apr 1;148(4):581-586. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy005.
Polyphenols Have No Impact on Endothelial Function in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Trzepizur W1,2, Bironneau V2, Recoquillon S2, Priou P1,2, Meslier N1,2, Hamel JF3, Henni S4, Darsonval A5, Messaoudi K6, Martínez MC2, Andriantsitohaina R2, Gagnadoux F1,2.
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AbstractBACKGROUND:Endothelial dysfunction, a pathophysiologic determinant of atherogenesis, has been found to occur in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) and is improved by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). However, the efficacy of CPAP therapy is limited by variable adherence. Alternative treatment strategies are needed. The impact of polyphenols on endothelial function has never been evaluated in OSA. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the impact of 1-mo supplementation with grape juice polyphenols (GJPs) on the reactive hyperemia index (RHI), a validated measure of endothelial function in patients with severe OSA. METHODS:Forty participants [75% men, median (IQR) age: 61 y (34, 64 y), BMI (in kg/m2): 30.6 (20.9, 33.7)] with severe OSA [median apnea-hypopnea index 43/h (33/h, 56/h)] were randomly assigned to receive GJPs (300 mg/d; n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) for 1 mo. The primary outcome was the change in RHI between baseline and after 1 mo of GJPs or placebo. Secondary outcome measures included changes in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and polysomnographic indexes. RESULTS:No significant differences in RHI and BP outcomes were observed between the GJPs and placebo groups. A significant between-group difference was observed for HR changes [-1 bpm (-5, +5 bpm) in the GJPs group compared with +6 bpm (+3, +10 bpm) in the placebo group; P = 0.001]. A significant decrease in total sleep time was observed in the GJPs group compared with the placebo group [-10 min (-33, 6 min) compared with +15 min (-12, 40 min), respectively; P = 0.02], with no between-group differences in the distribution of sleep stages. CONCLUSIONS:In participants with severe OSA and no overt cardiovascular disease, 1-mo GJP supplementation had no effect on endothelial function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2018 Apr 13. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00734.2017. [Epub ahead of print]
Strategies for Optimal Cardiovascular Aging.Seals DR1, Brunt VE2, Rossman MJ1.
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AbstractThis review summarizes the opening keynote presentation overview of the American Physiological Society conference on Cardiovascular Aging: New Frontiers and Old Friends held in Westminster, CO, in August 2017. Age is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Without effective intervention, increased numbers of older adults in the future will translate to greater prevalence of CVD and related disorders. Advancing age increases the risk of CVD partly via direct effects on the heart and through increases in blood pressure; however, much of the risk is mediated by arterial dysfunction, including large elastic artery stiffening and both macro- and micro-vascular endothelialdysfunction. Although excessive superoxide-related oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation are the major processes driving cardiovascular aging, the upstream mechanisms involved represent new frontiers of investigation and potential therapeutic targets. Lifestyle practices, including aerobic exercise, energy intake (caloric) restriction, and healthy diet composition are the most evidence-based strategies (old friends) for optimal cardiovascular aging, but adherence is poor in some groups. Healthy lifestyle “mimicking” approaches, including novel forms of physical training, intermittent fasting paradigms, exercise/healthy diet-inspired nutraceuticals (functional foods and natural supplements), as well as controlled environmental stress exposure (e.g., heat therapy), may hold promise, but are unproven. Mitigating the adverse effects of aging on cardiovascular function and health is a high biomedical priority. KEYWORDS:caloric restriction; energy-sensing; mitochondrial dysfunction; nitric oxide |
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